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Home >> Regional >> Africa >> Sierra Leone |
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A Republic of Sierra Leone occurs as united states around West Africa. These are bordered by Guinea on the north & Liberia on a southeast, with the Atlantic Ocean on the southwest. A title Sierra Leone was adapted from either a Spanish version: Sierra León, and successively, from either a Portuguese Serra-Leão [or Serra Leoa] which stands for "lioness mountains." It was an important centre of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Great deal rather neighboring Liberia, it was founded by extricated slaves, who around 1791 founded the capital, Freetown. Inside 1806, Freetown became a British Protectorate (as did a remainder of the united states around 1896), reaching independence in 1961. From either 1991 to 2002, the united states has suffered greatly from either the devastating civil war.
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| align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=Ii | National motto: Unity - Freedom - Justice
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| align=center colspan=Deuce style="background: #ffffff;" | image:LocationSierraLeone.png
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| Official language
| English
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| Capital
| Freetown
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| President
| Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
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| Area A written history of Sierra Leone began around 1462, when Portuguese explorers first landed & known as a united states "Lion Mountains". Europeans used a land as a source for slaves, but within 1787 Freetown was established as a city for former slaves sleep in London. Within 1808, Sierra Leone became a British Crown Colony, which it remained until halfway through the 20th century, when a run of de-decolonization was commenced. This culminated within independence in April 27, 1961. Sir Milton Margai (1895-1964) was its first prime minister. A republic—briefly the a single-person state in the early 1980s—became involved around the civil war also in 1991, with a Revolutionary United Front (RUF) of Foday Sankoh rebelling against the government (Sierra Leone Civil War). This resulted withinside tens of hundreds to thousands of deaths & a displacement of additional than Two million people (brim over 1-tierce of the population) several of whom come okay, refugees in neighboring countries. The military coup on May 25, 1997 replaced then President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah with Major Johnny Paul Koromah. Kabbah was reinstated within March 1998, fallowing a military junta was ousted per Nigerian-led ECOMOG forces. Lomé Peace Accord, signed on July 7, 1999 in Lomé, Togo offered a cold-shoulder hope that a united states is take a breath to terminate a diamond-powered conflict, & rebuild its devastated economy and infrastructure. When late 1999, as much as 6,000 UNAMSIL peacekeepers were in a process of deploying to long pillow the peace accord. Within May 2000, the situation around the united states deteriorated to such an extent that British troops were deployed in Operation Palliser to evacuate foreign nationals. It stabilised the situation, & were a catalyst for a ceasefire & ending of the civil war. Although there has been there is no important total of news coverage of the war within Sierrthe Leone, a comprehensive read of the conflict according to extensive field search—applying the method referred to as Conflict Mapping—is available [http://www.specialcourt.org/Outreach/ConflictMapping/NPWJ_CMR_ES_10MAR04.click here].
Politics A head of state & government is the president, world health organization is elected each 5 years (last around Will 2002). He appoints & heads the cabinet of ministers. A Sierra Leonean parliament is unicameral, with 124 seats. 1Twelve members come elected at the same time by owning a presidential elections; the more 12 seats come filled by a paramount chief from each administrative district. Local Government elections were held withwithin 2004 (first since 1972), electing 456 council member sitting in Xix local councils. National Pledge of Sierra Leone: I personally pledge the love & loyalty to our united states Sierra Leone We vow to serve her dependably the least bit times We promise to defend & honor her dependable name Are universally effective for her unity, peace, freedom & prosperity & put her interest above completely else Then assist pine tree state God (endure line sung slower & repeated)
Provinces
Sierra Leof these is divided into leash provinces & one territory:
Geography
Good deal of Sierra Leone's coastline consists of mangrove swamps, with a exception of the peninsula on which the capital city Freetown is placed. A rest of Sierra Leone is mostly tableland (astir 300 m above sea level) covered by forests, sustaining mountains in the east of the united states (greatest point Loma Mansa, 1,948 m). the climate is tropical, by using a rainy year from either Might to December.
Major cities come a capital Freetown, Koidu (Sefadu), Bo, Kenema and Makeni.
Economy
Sierra Leone is an extremely unfortunate united states sustaining wow inequality within income distribution. In point of fact, it has a last typical income in the globe. It does use material mineral & fishery resources and farming likely. Even so, a economic & social infrastructure is not swell developed, & good social disorders prove my point to hamper economic development, as the consequence a Tenner-month civil war. Two or three-thirds of the working-age people engages inside subsistence agriculture. Manufacturing consists primarily of the processing of raw materials & of lightly manufacturing for the household market.
Economic development has universally been hampered by an overdependence in mineral exploitation. Consecutive governments & a people as a whole stand universally believed that "diamonds and gold" come sufficient generators of foreign currency earnings & lure for investment. Following big shell agriculture of good products, industrial development & sustainable investments develop been neglected by governments. A economy can so exist when described as a single which is "exploitative" & according to a extraction of unsustainable resources or even not reclaimable assets
There are plans to reopen bauxite and rutile mines shut down when you took a conflict. A major source of arduous currency consists of the mining of diamonds. A fate of a economy depends upon a maintenance of household peace & the continued receipt of real help from either overseas.
Demographics
There are astir Twenty different tribes sleep in Sierra Leone, which together produce higher all about 90% of the people. A first tribes come a Temne (mostly in the north) & Mende (central & south), each forming astir a single third of the people. There is a sizeable total of Creoles, descending from enslaved Africans, Asians stranded in London and other Londoners world health organization established the colony there in the 1780s.
Although English is the official language, it is understood by single the minority, when virtually all population speak their tribe's possess language. A creole language Krio, based on English, is nonetheless spoken by virtually all of the people. A predominant religion is Islam (about 60%), a remainder practice autochthonous beliefs or even Christianity.
Sierra Leone is the worst united states for childbirth in a world, getting the greatest Maternal Mortality Ratio, or chance of maternal death, of any country. the MMR of Sierra Leone based on data from either a report from the World Health Organization in the month 2000 is 2,000 enatic deaths by the survive 100,000 births. A pleasantly high MMR is mainly due to severe obstetrical situations like haemorrhage, obstructed labor, ectoptic gestation, abortion, & puerperal sepsis. population situations were aggravated per rebelliin & a damaging results on distribution of generative health services due to the massive displacement of people, destruction of medical infrastructure & hospital devices, rural unavailability, unfortunate & harmful accessibility to basic medical services.
Culture
Miscellaneous topics
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